Hi Adrian, First of all I really don't understand the need for doing things differently to have the Indian NIR made? NIXI may not be able to do things differently, but as you said, better ... will be able to do efficiently. The reasons what I could visualise right now are, 1. Even though India is the 4th largest Internet population right now, many of the traffic still flows towards outside India. This has prompted the Indian Internet community and also the authorities to derive plans to localise as many contents and information as possible. 2. While doing so, it is important that we give the benefits of cost that is prevailing in markets like US to Indian hosters/service providers, within India. 3. Thus there is a need to reduce the cost of bandwidth, import duties, tax, and cost of other resources etc. Government is taking all steps to achieve these. 4. In our initial phases, our representations to APNIC insisted on the reasons for why the fees should be reduced to Indian ISPs. 5. However the same was not been considered due to the operational costs involved with APNIC. 6. NIXI being an organisation with sources of income through many other services and supports, it may not be required to charge the same fees like of APNIC to local service providers. Also operational costs in India is not that expensive. 7. This brings in financial efficiency to service providers.