Thanks Alain,
I'll as the new PDP is not in operation yet, I'll add this to my list
as #beta v1
I propose that we enter into the Discussion phase for 4 weeks from
date until April 4.
Dear Colleagues
Referring to the minutes of the last RIPE Policy Working Group
meeting and to the action list as updated during that meeting, I have
to make a formal proposal on use of HD ratio for IPV4.
Here is this policy proposal.
In order to be consistent with the PDP Draft proposal coming from Rob
Blokzijl I have used the template provided in the new PDP proposal.
Best regards.
Alain
- Policy Proposal Name: IPv4-HD-Ratio
- Author
a. name: Alain Bidron
b. e-mail: alain.bidron@francetelecom.com
c. telephone: +33 1 44 44 27 75
d. organisation: France Telecom
3. Proposal Version: V0
4. Submission Date: 02/02/2005
5. Suggested WG for discussion and publication: Address Policy WG
6. Proposal type: modify
7. Policy term: permanent
8. Summary of proposal: Internet address space is managed
hierarchically:
- IANA allocates space to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).
- RIRs allocate space to Local Internet Registries (LIRs).
- LIRs assign space to End Users.
At each level, some address space may be reserved for future
expansion and/or efficient aggregation. As more hierarchical levels
are introduced, the overall efficiency of the address space usage
decreases.
The HD ratio (Host-Density ratio) is a way to measure address space
usage [RFC 3194]. The HD ratio value can relate to a percentage of
usage, which decreases as the amount of address space grows. This
allows for the decreasing efficiency that occurs with more
hierarchical levels.
The HD ratio is currently used to measure IPv6 address space usage
[ipv6-address-policy]. The IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment
Policy considers a block of IPv6 address space to be 'used' when its
HD ratio reaches 0.80. This is a manageable figure ("values of 80% or
less correspond to comfortable trade-offs between pain and
efficiency" [RFC 3194]).
This document proposes using the HD ratio to measure IPv4 usage. The
proposed value of the HD ratio for IPv4 is 0.96.
- Policy text:
a. Current: "An LIR may receive an additional allocation when about
eighty percent (80%) of all the address space currently allocated to
it is used in valid assignments or sub-allocations."
b. New: "An LIR may receive an additional allocation when its total
allocated address space usage meets the HD-Ratio value of 0.96."
- Rationale:
a. Background
The current document, "IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment
Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region" [ipv4-address-policy],
considers a block of IPv4 addresses to be 'used' when 80% of the
addresses within the block have been sub-allocated or assigned. This
is applied to all address blocks, regardless of size.
Current policies assume a hierarchical system of address space
delegation. However, they do not make any allowance for hierarchical
management within allocated address space. For LIRs in particular, a
hierarchical approach is often required for assignment of address
space to service elements such as customer networks, individual
Points of Presence (PoPs), regionalised topologies, and even distinct
ISP products. Small network infrastructures may require simple
hierarchies, but large infrastructures can require several levels of
address space subdivision. These levels of hierarchy are not
recognised by the current policy framework and are highly restricted
by the "80% rule". As a result, managing large blocks is often
difficult, requiring large internal routing tables and/or frequent
renumbering of internal address blocks.
One of the goals of the RIR system is to avoid unnecessary depletion
of IPv4 address space. However, address management policies must also
be practical in terms of how much management overhead they cause.
When large amounts of address space are involved, the "80% rule" can
result in more work for an LIR.
Basing usage on the HD ratio should lead to equal levels of
management overhead across the board, rather than penalising the
holders of large address blocks.
b.Impact
To see a rough estimation of the immediate impact of this proposal,
an HD Ratio value of 0.96 was applied to the average amount of
address space held by an LIR in the RIPE NCC Service Region. This
showed that on average, LIRs would qualify for an additional
allocation block when they have assigned or sub-allocated about 59%
of their allocated address space.
c.Arguments supporting the proposal.
This proposal fairly takes into account addressing hierarchies used
in large and extra-large registries and introduces a useful level of
flexibility for those registries
The local Internet registries using the 80% criteria may continue to
do so and will not be impacted by the new policy.
The RIPE NCC will provide support to minimise complicated
calculations or administrative burden to LIRs.
d. Arguments opposing the proposal.
This proposal will have some limited impact on IPV4 address consumption.
Appendix A. The HD ratio
The HD ratio is calculated as follows [RFC 3194]:
HD =og(U)/log(S)
Where:
S is the size of the address block concerned, and U is
the number of addresses used.
Note: The current IPv4 policy considers addresses to be 'used' once
they are assigned or sub-allocated by the LIR.
Appendix B. Selection of HD ratio value
We should decide an appropriate HD ratio value on a rational basis.
To do this, we make certain assumptions about the number of "hidden"
hierarchical levels involved in managing address blocks of various
sizes. If we assume there is 80% usage at each level, we can easily
calculate the overall usage.
The following table proposes a set of hierarchical levels which we
can reasonably expect within different amounts of address space. If a
usage of 80% is achieved at each hierarchical level, then the overall
usage will be (0.80 to the power of "n"). It is then possible to
calculate HD ratio values from this value.
Size range Level Utilisation HD ratio
(prefix) (n) (0.80**n) (calculated)
/24 to /20 1 80% .960 to .973
/20 to /16 1.5 72% .961 to .970
/16 to /12 2 64% .960 to .968
/12 to /8 2.5 57.2% .960 to .966
/8 to /4 3 51.20% .960 to .966
The levels of hierarchy listed above are based on assumptions
about the likely size and structure of LIRs holding address blocks of
these sizes. A reasonable HD ratio value may be 0.96 (a round figure
which occurs within most of these ranges) from the table above. The
following table gives the usage requirements for IPv4 address blocks
from /24 to /8 for this value.
IPv4 Addresses Addresses Util%
prefix total used
24 256 205
80.11%
23 512 399 77.92%
22 1024 776 75.79%
21 2048 1510 73.71%
20 4096 2937 71.70%
19 8192 5713 69.74%
18 16384 11113 67.83%
17 32768 21619 65.98%
16 65536 42055 64.17%
15 131072 81811 62.42%
14 262144 159147 60.71%
13 524288 309590 59.05%
12 1048576 602249 57.43%
11 2097152 1171560 55.86%
10 4194304 2279048 54.34%
9 8388608 4433455 52.85%
8 16777216 8624444 51.41%
Note: This table provides values for CIDR blocks, but the same
calculations can be made for non-CIDR blocks.
As an example, an LIR holding a total amount of address space equal
to a /16 would be able to receive more address space when they had
sub-allocated or assigned 64.17% of that space; while an LIR holding
a /9 would be able to receive more space when they had sub-allocated
or assigned 52.85% of their address space.
Appendix C. References
[RFC 3194] "The Host-Density ratio for address assignment efficiency: An
update on the H ratio", A. Durand, C.Huitema, November 2001.
[ipv6-address-policy] RIPE NCC document: "IPv6 Address Allocation and
Assignment Policy" http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ipv6policy.html
[ipv4-address-policy] RIPE NCC document: "IPv4 Address Allocation and
Assignment Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region"
http://www.ripe.net/ripe/docs/ipv4-policies.html